Sabarimala is a
Hindu pilgrimage centre located at the
Periyar Tiger Reserve in the
Western Ghat mountain ranges of
Pathanamthitta District,
Perunad grama panchayat in
Kerala,
South India. It is one of the largest annual pilgrimages in the world, with an estimated 1 million devotees visiting every year.
[1][2] Sabarimala is believed to be the place where the Hindu God,
Ayyappan, meditated after killing the powerful demoness,
Mahishi. Ayyappan's temple is situated amidst 18 hills. The temple is situated on a hilltop at an altitude of 468 m (1,535 ft) above mean sea level, and is surrounded by mountains and dense forests. The dense forest, (
Periyar Tiger Reserve), around the temple is known as Poomkavanam. Temples exist in each of the hills surrounding Sabarimala. While functional and intact temples exist at many places in the surrounding areas like Nilackal,
Kalaketi, and
Karimala, remnants of old temples survive to this day on remaining hills.
Sabarimala is linked to
Hindu pilgrimage, predominantly for men of all ages. Sabarimala pilgrims can be identified easily, as they wear black or blue dress. They do not shave until the completion of the pilgrimage, and smear
Vibhuti or
sandal paste on their forehead. Females who
menstruate (usually between the ages of approximately 12 and 50) are not allowed to enter the temple, since the story attributed to Ayyappa prohibits the entry of the women in the
menstrual age group. This is because Ayyappan is a
Bramhachari (
celibate). The temple is open for worship only during the days of
Mandalapooja (approximately 15 November to 26 December),
Makaravilakku or "
Makar Sankranti" (14 January) and
Maha Vishuva Sankranti (14 April), and the first five days of each
Malayalam month.
Prasadams
The
prasadam at Sabarimala temple is Aravana payasam and
Appam. These are prepared by using rice, ghee, sugar, jaggery etc. The rice needed to prepare the prasadam at Sabarimala temple is supplied by
Chettikulangara Devi Temple, the second largest temple under the
Travancore Devaswom Board situated at
Mavelikkara. The Chief Commissioner, Travancore Devaswom Board said that the board has appointed Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore as a consultant for providing technical guidance to ensure the quality of Aravana, Appam, and other prasadam preparations at Sabarimala temple.
Harivarasanam
Harivarasanam is recited before closing the temple door every night. The Harivarasanam song, which is sung at Sabarimala is a lullaby (Urakkupattu) is composed by Sri Kambangudi Kulathur Srinivasa Iyer. It is said that Srinivasa Iyer used to recite the composition, after the Athazha Puja, standing in front of the shrine of Ayyappa in the main temple. With the efforts of Swami Vimochanananda, it came to be accepted as the lullaby by the Thantri and melshanthi. The composition has 352 letters, 108 words in 32 lines (8 stanzas).
Though there have been many versions of this song sung by many renowned vocalists, the temple plays the rendition by
K. J. Yesudas, composed by the renowned music director
G. Devarajan, which is in the 'Madhyamavathi' raga of Indian Carnatic music. Harivarasanam is written in
sanskrit.
Recently
P. Unnikrishnan has rendered Harivarasanam song in his 2011 release of devotional songs titled 'AYYAN MALAI ENGAL MALAI'.
Neyyabhishekam
This significant ritual involves pouring sacred ghee brought by pilgrims in their Pallikettu or Irumudi (A two compartment bag made of handwoven cotton cloth used to carry the offerings for Sabarimala Temple carried on their heads)on the idol of Lord Ayyappa. It symbolically means the merging of
Jeevatma with the
Paramatma.While a Red coloured Irumudi is used by a pilgrim on his first journey(Kanni Ayyappan) to Sabarimala, others use Navy Blue till third year and thereafter saffron coloured Irumudi.
Makara Vilakku
Lord Sri Rama and his brother Lakshmana met Sabari, a tribal devotee, at Sabarimala. Sabari offered the Lord fruits after tasting them. But the Lord accepted them gladly and whole-heartedly. The Lord then turned and saw a divine person doing tapas. He asked Sabari who it was. Sabari said it was Sasta. Rama walked towards Sasta and the latter stood up and welcomed the Prince of Ayodhya. The anniversary of this incident is celebrated on Makara Vilakku day. It is believed that on Makara Vilakku day, Lord Dharmasasta stops his tapas to bless his devotees.and also it is called makara shankranthi Note: there are many places with similar story of Sabari, no authentication of either exist.
Makara Vilakku Scandal
Chief Priest Kandar Maheshwar of Sabari Mala Temple stated that Makaravilakku is not a divine act, but Makaravilakku is usually lit by Officials of Travancore Devasvam Board on Makarasamskranti Day. It was traditionally believed that Makaravilakku is a Godly and divine act of Lord Ayyapan
[10]
Makarajythi is referred to the brightest star Sirius which is visible on middle of January on wards for few weeks
[11]
Aham Brahmasmi and Tattvamasi
The important message given at the temple is the ultimate knowledge that each individual is a God unto himself/herself,
Tat Tvam Asi in
sanskrit meaning "That is you". Due to this pilgrims call each other
Swami.
Tat Tvam Asi, meaning "That Thou Art" is the message that is given out by the Lord. It means, in short, you are part of the Universal Soul (in Sanskrit "Paramatma") which is the quintessence of
Advaita philosophy. It also means for reaching Paramatma or Universal Soul. this mahavakya suggested by swami chinnmayananda(1916–1993) in end of 70s
Illumination and Power
In this remote hill shrine the
Kerala State Electricity Board (KSEB) is shouldering the task of providing sufficient illumination in base camps, trekking paths and the Sannidhanam, the shrine spot. KSEB installs and maintains around 15000 electric lamps of various types here. Power is brought here through Kochu Pampa and Thriveni Substations. Through uninterrupted supply and well maintained lights KSEB has been able to maintain good in the recent years.
The history behind the worshipping method]
The customs of the pilgrims to Sabarimala are based on five worshipping methods; those of Shaivites, Shaktists and Vaishnavites. At first, there were three sections of devotees – the devotees of Shakti who used meat to worship their deity, the devotees of Vishnu who followed strict penance and continence, and the devotees of Shiva who partly followed these two methods. Another name of Ayyappa is Sastha. All these can be seen merged into the beliefs of pilgrims to Sabarimala. The chain the pilgrims wear comes from the Rudraksha chain of the Shaivites. The strict fasting, penance and continence is taken out of the beliefs of the Vaishnavites. The offering of tobacco to Kaduthaswamy can be considered to be taken from the Shaktists..
